Essay --

Genetically modified foods (GMOs) have been a type of food that has taken over the foods in the United States. Some people aren’t even aware of what GMOs are and some don’t mind; then there are some who refuse to eat it. Everyone has quickly formed an opinion of GMOs, but not everyone has done the research to know where GMOs come from, who pushes for GMOs, why GMOs are good, why GMOs are bad, and what foods have GMOs. GMOs are an interesting part of our food that has progressed so fast and most don’t even realize that it is in our food. GMOs have been around since the early 1930’s and have a quickly progressed more than anyone could have ever imagined it would. But how did we get GMOs? This is something most people don’t know even though it is quite intriguing. In the 1930’s, Andrei Belozersky, a Russian scientist, isolated pure DNA. This led to a grad student at Stanford University in the 1970’s to have the idea for man-made DNA. We then discovered how to move genes to become resistant to antibiotics when moved from 1 bacterium to another. This led us to discover how we can insert genes into plants’ and animals’ DNA to grow immunity to diseases and resistant to pesticides. Then, in the mid 1970’s, biologists, lawyers, and doctors created guidelines for safe genetically engineered DNA. In the 1980’s, the first GMO patent for a living organism was created. Shortly after, this was followed by the FDA approving the first GMO, Humulin, to appear on the counters. The 1990’s were the biggest boom of GMO’s. Beginning in 1994, the US Food and Drug administration approved a GMO tomato to go on the shelves at the grocery stores; this tomato was able to last longer than a conventional tomato. Shortly after the tomato hit the s... ...oven to be safe because most medicines are even genetically modified. The other argument against the labeling is that it wouldn’t tell you what was genetically modified in the food item; it would just tell you that something in the food is genetically modified. So, as you can see, GMOs are a very tough subject with many different opinions on it. GMO foods are such a strong and debatable topic in our world today, but are this because people don’t know a lot about it or is it because people don’t know anything? As you see, GMOs have progressed and continued quickly for more than 70 years, even though many people don’t support it. GMOs started as an experiment and have progressed since that it is now included in crops, medicine and livestock. It got to this point because of many people such as Andrei Belozersky, Monsanto, FDA, USDA, farmers, politicians, and us.

Economic Growth in Cameroon

Background Information Notwithstanding the secular decline in real GDP experienced during the period 1987-93, the Cameroonian economy remains one of the largest in the CFA franc zone, with a GDP of about $9 billion in 1996. Compared with other sub-sharan African countries, Cameroon has one of the most diversified production and resource bases, as it produces and exports a broad range of commodities.Cameroon is a net oil exporter; oil production, although declinging steadily since 1986, still amounted to 37 million metric tons in 1996 and represented 8% of GDP. Nevertheless, agriculture has remained the mainstay of the economy and employs over 70% of the labor force. The recent history of cameroon’s economic and social development is characterized by two sharply diverging periods in economic performance.Most of the period from independence in 1960 to 1986 was characterized by fiscal balance, a rising investment-GDP ratio, rising human capital stock, and expanding real GDP. In c ontrast, the period 1987-93 was marked by declining terms of trade, deteriorating external competitiveness, a declining investment –GDP ratio, stagnating or declining human capital stock, rising fiscal imbalances, and shrinking output. Problem statementSince independence, private investment is creating employment, improving infrastructure and improving living standards of Cameroonians. Cameroon being a developing country with low income rates, unemployment, poverty, and under exploitation of natural resources, is a clear prove that the government incapable of meeting or giving Cameroon a favorable economic growth. This incapability of the government to give Cameroon a favorable economic growth, makes the government to leave out most of its companies for private investment, such as SONEL.Moreover most of Cameroonian important companies are run and own by private investors such as PILCAM,UNALOR,BOCOM,EURO OIL, and CONGELCAM just to name a few, that has led to the economic growt h of Cameroon. Romer’s (1986) model assumes that technological change is endogenous and that private investment raises the level of technology for the whole economy. In this model increases in private investment raise growth in the steady-state.This study contributes to the empirical growth literature in three ways. First, economic growth is analyzed for an individual country-Cameroon-with data covering form 1960 till date. In addition , an investigation of the growth determinants for Cameroonian economy and focus on the institutional and historical aspects of the country. Secondly, the contributions of private and government investments to the growth of the Cameroonian economy investigated.Thirdly, following the endogenous growth models by Lucas (1988), becker, Murphy and tamura(1990) and romer(1990), the role of human capital is investigated. The robustness of the effect of private investment on growth is examined by including variables related to monetary and fiscal polici es, external competitiveness, the terms of trade, and the influence of the oil sector. Objectives The main objectives of this research is to investigate the role of private investment in the economic development of the Cameroonian economy.The specific objectives of the study are * Identify the problems of economic growth in Cameroon * Assess private investment as an engine to economic growth * Make necessary recommendations Hypothesis Here, we are going to see if private investment actually enhance economic growth in Cameroon, we are going to use 2 types of hypothesis which are the null and the alternative hypothesis * Ho: private investment is an engine to economic growth in Cameroon H1: private investment is not an engine to economic growth in Cameroon. Significance Of The Study. The research carried out on the role of private investment in the economic development of Cameroon has its significance in 5 areas which are; * Africa as a whole; with the slow rate of economic growth is Africa, this research will help African leader to encourage and enable private investment in their economy since as it is the main backbone to economic growth. The Cameroonian society; this project will help many Cameroonians who are naive about the growth of the Cameroonian economy, to know the main reasons for its slow rate and what they need to do to improve on the economy. * The government; this project will help the government to better strategise in encouraging foreign and domestic investors, by reducing tax rates and interest rates, which will enhance economic growth. This project will serve as a resource base to students, who wish to carry out research in this field and better still inspire them to focus on investment given the low rate of employment in Cameroon. Limitations of study This area of is in Cameroon in general and the littoral region (douala) in particular. It does not extend to other areas due to the fact that there is inadequate timing and also, most private in vestments will not like to reveal all of their information to the researcher, thereby making it difficult for the researcher.

Just War Theory Essay - 3745 Words

Just War Theory Price reduced due to problems with format One of the perennial realities of human existence is war. From the earliest recorded events of human history all the way through to modern times, human communities have engaged in armed conflict as a method of dispute resolution. While war has been a constant part of the human experience, there has also been a tendency within virtually all human civilisations to limit the extent of war and the methods by which warfare may be conducted.(1) In Western civilisation, this limitation on warfare has taken shape as an effort to limit both the determination of when war is appropriate and the means used in battle.(2) Within the Western moral, legal, and political arena, the connected†¦show more content†¦Understanding, then, that the theory of just war is one in which many sources mingle over the course of centuries, it is helpful to make a brief overview of those sources before delving into the main task of explaining just war theory. B. MAIN SOURCES OF JUST WAR THEORY 1. The Religi ous Sources of Just War Theory Many of the key thinkers who have expounded on just war theory through the centuries have identified themselves with the Christian faith, both in its Catholic and Protestant varieties. Just war theory has also gained a general acceptance among Christian theologians, philosophers, and jurists as a method of passing judgement on the morality or immorality of a particular conflict.(8) The general Christian conception of just war theory forms the core of secular just war theory and as such has had a tremendous influence on the secular conception of the just war.(9) Early Christian approaches to war were largely pacifistic in nature, due to a focus in the early Church to the notion that Christians were distinct from the rest of society.(10) However, with the growing Christianization of the Roman Empire, and the increasing political and social influence of the Christian Church, Christian theologians during the fourth and fifth centuries began to develop just ifications for the use of force which would eventually takeShow MoreRelatedIs The Just War Theory?1103 Words   |  5 PagesJUST WAR THEORY The just war theory is a to a great extent Christian logic that endeavours to accommodate three things as follows: taking human life is truly out of line. 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